Sunday, May 17, 2015

Involvement of Immune Responses in the Efficacy of Cord Blood Cell Therapy for Cerebral Palsy (免疫反應於臍血細胞治療腦癱症的療效)


Stem Cells Dev. 2015 May 15. [Epub ahead of print]
Involvement of Immune Responses in the Efficacy of Cord Blood Cell Therapy for Cerebral Palsy (免疫反應於臍血細胞治療腦癱症療效)

Author information

  • 1Gachon University, College of BioNano Technology, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of) ; wclassicw@gmail.com.

Abstract

Abstract

This study evaluated the efficacy of umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial and also assessed factors and mechanisms related to the efficacy. Thirty-six children (ages 6 months to 20 years old) with CP were enrolled and treated with UCB or a placebo. Muscle strength and gross motor function were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Along with function measurements, each subject underwent 18F-FDG-PET at baseline and 2 weeks after treatment. Cytokine and receptor levels were quantitated in serial blood samples. The UCB group showed greater improvements in muscle strength than the controls at 1 (0.94 vs. -0.35, respectively) and 3 months (2.71 vs. 0.65) after treatment (Ps<0.05). The UCB group also showed greater improvements in gross motor performance than the control group at 6 months (8.54 vs. 2.60) after treatment (P<0.01). Additionally, PET scans revealed decreased periventricular inflammation in patients administered UCB, compared to those treated with a placebo. Correlating with enhanced gross motor function, elevations in plasma pentraxin 3 and interleukin-8 levels were observed for up to 12 days after treatment in the UCB group. Meanwhile, increases in blood cells expressing Toll-like receptor 4 were noted at 1 day after treatment in the UCB group, and were correlated with increased muscle strength at 3 months post-treatment. In the present trial, treatment with UCB alone improved motor outcomes and induced systemic immune reactions and anti-inflammatory changes in the brain. Generally, motor outcomes were positively correlated with the number of UCB cells administered: a higher number of cells resulted in better outcomes. Nevertheless, future trials are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of UCB therapy, as the follow-up duration of the present trial was short.
PMID:
25977995
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



Saturday, June 15, 2013

Summary of London Regenerative Medicine Network (LRMN) Meeting - Cord Blood Banking

Highlight:

  • MEDIPOST based in Seoul, Korea:  CARTISTEM®:  successful commercialization: is a novel stem cell drug for the treatment of cartilage defects, such as in osteoarthritis, caused by degeneration or repeated traumatic injuries, leading to regeneration of cartilage. Through a single surgical procedure, human Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUCB-MSCs) mixed with viscous biopolymer are transplanted.
  • Gamida Cell: based in Jerusalem, IsraelStemEx® technology has been developed to expand the stem/progenitor cells present in UCB, in an ex-vivo environment using proprietary copper chelator technology, to improve clinical outcomes.  A Phase III global study has recently been completed which encompassed 25 hospitals, 101 patients, a 180 day follow-up, and a goal of showing overall survival at 100 days.  Dr. Margolin was pleased to announce that StemEx® improves survival at 100 days post transplantation and also decreases engraftment time, suggesting that StemEx® can serve as an alternative transplant treatment for patients who cannot find a matched bone marrow donor. 
  • Proteus Venture Partners, California, USA: ReviewFuture of the cord blood banking industry: 
    • 2010 the market for cord blood was valued at $3.4 billion, but is expected to rise to $14.9 billion by 2015.
    • Currently there are over 150 cord blood banks that contain 575,000 public units and over 1 million private units, however only 1-3% of units are used each year.
    • Nearly  50% of patients cannot find a match for a bone marrow transplant, making the cord blood industry the fastest growing segment of the cell transplant market.
    • In 2010 cord blood transplants accounted for 22% of all transplants, and that number is expected to double by 2015. 
    • Over 60 therapeutic applications have been identified for cord blood, and with over 430 FDA clinical trials, 245 transplantation studies and 24 pivotal/Phase III trials – an exciting future awaits. 
    • Cord blood is the preferred cell source for pediatric use, due to the small unit size, however it is the over 50 age group that are the largest users, accounting for 41% of 2010 UCB transplants. 
    • Transplant outcomes have improved dramatically due to progress in HLA matching, advances in conditioning regimes, and post-transplant care. 
    • In the future, Mr. Bonfiglio sees consolidation of blood banks and eventually a vertically integrated business model. The bank will cater to both private and public clients; however the public side will invest in clinical research that will eventually emerge as a cell therapy treatment. This will then be available at a surgi-center allowing for treatment of private clients (??)

------------------------------
original source: http://www.oxbridgebiotech.com/review/research-and-policy/cord-blood-banking/




On May 20th 2013, the LRMN held their third meeting focusing on cord blood banking, with three experts sharing their experiences in working with cell therapies derived from cord blood and their perspectives on the state of the industry. The event, held at University College London, was free to attend due to generous support from Macopharma.

Dr. Emily Culme-Seymour, Director of LRMN, kicked off the evening by welcoming the attendees and speakers. She promptly introduced Dr. Antonio Lee who is the Associate Director of Business Development forMEDIPOST based in Seoul, Korea. MEDIPOST is a stem cell biotechnology company that provides cord blood banking services and innovative adult stem cell drugs. Currently they have over 170,000 units of cord blood stored privately and four adult stem cell therapeutics. In his talk, Dr. Lee described the World’s first allogeneic stem cell drug, CARTISTEM®, and the path to its successful commercialisation. CARTISTEM® is aKFDA (Korean Food and Drug Administration) approved drug for the treatment of knee cartilage defects, which arise due to degenerative osteoarthritis (OA). A lyophilized biopolymer is combined with human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) to form a viscous gel which is applied directly to the fracture. It has been successful in both open and arthroscopic surgery and thus far 432 patients have been treated with the compound. Clinical trials show a 97.67% success rate, compared to treatment with a competing therapy that was 71.74% successful. Dr. Lee also discussed the other adult stem cell drugs currently in the portfolio and mentioned that MEDIPOST is working on novel applications for diseases such as Cerebral Palsy, brain injury and Type I diabetes.

The second speaker, Dr. Yael Margolin, President & CEO of Gamida Cell, which is based in Jerusalem, Israel, described the first crude bone marrow transplantations over 40 years ago and highlighted how much progress has been made to date. Despite the advances, there are still approximately 35,000 patients per year who do not receive bone marrow transplantations due to donor incompatibility. Gamida Cell has been making progress on an alternative source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – the use of UCB for cord blood transplantation (CBT). UCB is easily collected and less donor matching is required, but cord blood provides a smaller quantity of viable cells, which results in delayed engraftment and can increase transplant related morbidity and mortality. StemEx® technology has been developed to expand the stem/progenitor cells present in UCB, in an ex-vivo environment using proprietary copper chelator technology, to improve clinical outcomes. A Phase III global study has recently been completed which encompassed 25 hospitals, 101 patients, a 180 day follow-up, and a goal of showing overall survival at 100 days. Dr. Margolin was pleased to announce that StemEx® improves survival at 100 days post transplantation and also decreases engraftment time, suggesting that StemEx® can serve as an alternative transplant treatment for patients who cannot find a matched bone marrow donor. As such, Gamida Cell is seeking a strategic partner for the global commercialization of StemEx®. Dr. Margolin also mentioned that Gamida Cell is pursuing several expanded cell graft products that have been developed using nicotinamide technology as they displayed improved functionality following in vivo infusion. These products could potentially be used to treat cancer, hematological diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions and regenerative medicine.

A discussion on the past, present and future of the cord blood banking industry and was then delivered by Mr. Gregory A. Bonfiglio, who is the Founder & Managing Partner of Proteus Venture Partners in California, USA. Mr. Bonfiglio explained that in 2010 the market for cord blood was valued at $3.4 billion, but is expected to rise to $14.9 billion by 2015. Currently there are over 150 cord blood banks that contain 575,000 public units and over 1 million private units, however only 1-3% of units are used each year. Nearly 50% of patients cannot find a match for a bone marrow transplant, making the cord blood industry the fastest growing segment of the cell transplant market. In 2010 cord blood transplants accounted for 22% of all transplants, and that number is expected to double by 2015. Over 60 therapeutic applications have been identified for cord blood, and with over 430 FDA clinical trials, 245 transplantation studies and 24 pivotal/Phase III trials – an exciting future awaits. Cord blood is the preferred cell source for pediatric use, due to the small unit size, however it is the over 50 age group that are the largest users, accounting for41% of 2010 UCB transplants. Transplant outcomes have improved dramatically due to progress in HLA matching, advances in conditioning regimes, and post-transplant care. In the future, Mr. Bonfiglio sees consolidation of blood banks and eventually a vertically integrated business model. The bank will cater to both private and public clients; however the public side will invest in clinical research that will eventually emerge as a cell therapy treatment. This will then be available at a surgi-center allowing for treatment of private clients

The evening concluded with closing remarks by Professor Chris Mason from the Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, UCL, and was followed by a reception.

Sunday, May 26, 2013

Charity for cells (慈善細胞)

CUTTING EDGE: Freshly trimmed Kathy Lark and the Cubby House for Kids crew celebrate the Coin for a Cord campaign.
CUTTING EDGE: Freshly trimmed Kathy Lark and the Cubby House for Kids crew celebrate the Coin for a Cord campaign.
Original Source: http://www.coffscoastadvocate.com.au/news/charity-for-cells/1881858/

Friday, May 11, 2012

Extended Survival of Glioblastoma Patients After Chemoprotective HSC Gene Therapy


Extended Survival of Glioblastoma Patients After Chemoprotective HSC Gene Therapy

Abstract

Chemotherapy with alkylating agents for treating malignant disease results in myelosuppression that can significantly limit dose escalation and potential clinical efficacy. Gene therapy using mutant methylguanine methyltransferase (P140K) gene–modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells may circumvent this problem by abrogating the toxic effects of chemotherapy on hematopoietic cells. However, this approach has not been evaluated clinically. Here, we show efficient polyclonal engraftment of autologous P140K-modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in three patients with glioblastoma. Increases in P140K-modified cells after transplant indicate selection of gene-modified hematopoietic repopulating cells. Longitudinal retroviral integration site (RIS) analysis identified more than 12,000 unique RISs in the three glioblastoma patients, with multiple clones present in the peripheral blood of each patient throughout multiple chemotherapy cycles. To assess safety, we monitored RIS distribution over the course of chemotherapy treatments. Two patients exhibited emergence of prominent clones harboring RISs associated with the intronic coding region of PRDM16 (PR domain–containing 16) or the 3′ untranslated region of HMGA2 (high-mobility group A2) genes with no adverse clinical outcomes. All three patients surpassed the median survival for glioblastoma patients with poor prognosis, with one patient alive and progression-free more than 2 years after diagnosis. Thus, transplanted P140K-expressing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are chemoprotective, potentially maximizing the drug dose that can be administered.

Sunday, January 29, 2012

#Cordblood #Stemcell derived DCs Generate Potent Antigen-Specific Immune Responses and Anti-tumor Effects.


Cord Blood Stem Cell-derived DCs Generate Potent Antigen-Specific Immune Responses and Anti-tumor Effects

Clinical Science (2012) Immediate Publication, doi:10.1042/CS20110272
Cord Blood Stem Cell-derived DCs Generate Potent Antigen-Specific Immune Responses and Anti-tumor Effects
Ming-Cheng Chang, Chien-Nan Lee, Yu-Li Chen, Ying-Cheng Chiang, Wei-Zen Sun, Yu-Hao Hu, CHi-An Chen and Wen-Fang Cheng
National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. wenfangcheng@yahoo.com

This study aims to evaluate if cord blood stem cells (CBSCs) can be new source of dendritic cells (DCs) which can generate more potent antigen-specific immune responses and anti-tumor effects. The CBSCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected, cultured and differentiated into DCs. Surface markers, secreting cytokines, antigen presentation activity, antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity and cytotoxic killing effects induced by these two origins of DCs were evaluated and compared. The CBSCs expanded for ~17-fold by ex vivo culture. The expressions of surface markers in CBSC-derived DCs were higher than those in PBMC-derived DCs treated with LPS. The CBSC-derived DCs mainly secreted IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-a, while PBMC-derived DCs mainly secreted IL-5 and IFN-γ. The CBSC-derived DCs had better antigen presentation abilities when stimulated with LPS or TNF-a, induced higher numbers of IFN-g-secreting, antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes by ELLIspot assay, and stimulated stronger antigen-specific CTL activities (p<0.01, one-way ANOVA). The CBSC-derived DCs showed quicker and stronger ERK and Akt phosphorylation, and weaker p38 phosphorylation than PBMC-derived DCs when stimulated with LPS. The CBSC-derived DCs have abilities of inducing stronger antigen-specific immunity and more potent anti-tumor effects. The CBSCs can be a good source of DCs in the strategy of DC-based cancer vaccine and immunotherapy.

doi:10.1042/CS20110272
Received 25 May 2011/12 January 2012; Accepted 23 January 2012
Published as Immediate Publication 23 January 2012

Mesenchymal stem cells secreting angiopoietin-like-5 support efficient expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells without compromising their repopulating potential.


Stem Cells Dev. 2011 Aug;20(8):1371-81. Epub 2011 Jan 31.

Mesenchymal stem cells secreting angiopoietin-like-5 support efficient expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells without compromising their repopulating potential.

Source

Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Abstract

Clinical and preclinical applications of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are often limited by scarcity of cells. Expanding human HSCs to increase their numbers while maintaining their stem cell properties has therefore become an important area of research. Here, we report a robust HSC coculture system wherein cord blood CD34(+) CD133(+) cells were cocultured with mesenchymal stem cells engineered to express angiopoietin-like-5 in a defined medium. After 11 days of culture, SCID repopulating cells were expanded ~60-fold by limiting dilution assay in NOD-scid Il2rg(-/-) (NSG) mice. The cultured CD34(+) CD133(+) cells had similar engraftment potential to uncultured CD34(+) CD133(+) cells in competitive repopulation assays and were capable of efficient secondary reconstitution. Further, the expanded cells supported a robust multilineage reconstitution of human blood cells in NSG recipient mice, including a more efficient T-cell reconstitution. These results demonstrate that the expanded CD34(+) CD133(+) cells maintain both short-term and long-term HSC activities. To our knowledge, this ~60-fold expansion of SCID repopulating cells is the best expansion of human HSCs reported to date. Further development of this coculture method for expanding human HSCs for clinical and preclinical applications is therefore warranted.
PMID:
 
21142526
 
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 
PMCID: PMC3148832
 [Available on 2012/8/1]